Radiant Heater Types
Radiant heating units are divided into two main groups according to surface temperature.
I) High/Medium Density Units (Units with Surface Temperature of 815°C and above)
High density units can be further divided into two groups. In the first group of units, there is a compartment within which heating occurs. The exterior surface temperature of this compartment is around 1000°C. Most electrical devices used for heating are high density radiant systems of the first group. The Quartz heating system is an example of these. In this system, radiation is achieved by heating a quartz lamp or a resistance passing inside a tube by means of electricity, until it reaches a yellow-white hot stage.
The greatest concern with electrical radiant heaters in our country is the high cost of electricity. In the high density devices of the second group, the radiation is provided by the flame itself. Burning occurs on the front face of a ceramic-based perforated panel. The surface temperature in this case is also around 1000°C. Rooms where naked flame units are used should be well-ventilated. High density units are particularly suited for spot or local heating within a large space.
II) Low Density Units (Units with Surface Temperature between 260°C and 815°C)
The devices which should come to mind first in radiant heating are low density units. This is because they are more popular for applications. In low density gas burning units, there is a tube whose exterior surface emissivity has been increased. Usually there is a burner on one end and a fan (vacuum pump) on the other end of these tubes. Gas is burned using this burner, combustion gases are pulled out by the fan at the other end of the system, and the transfer of gas within the tube heats the tube’s surface causing it to radiate heat.
The radiant tube is heated with the usable portion of the energy generated by the combustion of gas fuel. A property of the tube material, known as emissivity determines the amount of energy leaving the tube in the form of radiant energy. The thermal energy of the tube is distributed by means of one of the following mechanisms:
1. A portion of the energy is sent directly to the environment to be heated in the form of radiant energy.
2. A portion of the radiated energy is sent to the reflector and directed toward the environment to be heated by means of the reflector.
3. Another portion of the energy transfers from the tube to the environment through convection.
4. Part of the energy reflects back to the tube from the reflector.
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