The Radiant Heating Technique
Infrared radiant heat energy is directed downwards from above onto objects (people, furniture, etc.) which occupy the space and to the floor. It warms objects or people without warming the ceiling or the air through which it passes. The heating of the air subsequently occurs as a result of heat transfer through convection from objects that had been heated with infrared rays. Gas burning, infrared radiant heating systems are among the most comfortable and economical of heating systems currently used today.
Thermal radiation is the process where matter radiates its thermal energy due to its higher temperature and by means of electromagnetic waves. All matter radiates heat depending on its temperature. However, in radiation applications used for heating purposes, the temperature of the surface that will provide the heat is expected to be between 200-1000°C. In heat transfer through radiation, the rays transmit energy according to the rules of wave mechanics. As a result, energy is distributed in the form of a bundle of rays. The rays can travel in vacuum as well as in a gaseous environment. A fluid environment is needed for convection. However, in heat transfer through radiation a vacuum would only improve transmission. The best example of this is the way the sun which is approximately 150 million kilometers away warms the earth. Therefore radiation has made life on earth possible and enabled it to become what it is today. This example that could not be explained with any other method of thermal transmission reinforces the ray and wave theory of radiation.
The principle of radiant systems is heating a surface with high emissivity causing it to radiate heat, or to use the naked flame itself in order to directly utilize the radiation from the flame. When electromagnetic waves (rays) strike the surfaces of objects, they activate the molecules on the surface and the resulting friction between the molecules causes the objects to heat up. Various material properties and operational criteria can be used to evaluate a radiant heating application.
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